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Hunab Ku
Hunab Ku () is a Yucatec Maya word meaning "The Only God" used in colonial, and more particularly in doctrinal texts, to refer to the Christian God. Since the word is found frequently in the Chilam Balam of Chumayel, regarded by some as indigenous writing not influenced by Christianity, some authors have proposed that the name was originally used for an indigenous Maya deity, which was later transferred to the Christian god but recent research has shown this to be unlikely. Rather the word was a translation into Maya of the Christian concept of the "One God", used to enculturate the previously polytheist Maya to the new Colonial religion.〔Hanks 2010:355 - "It might be objected that ''hunnab ku'' could refer as well to a non-Christian deity, as to God, and if so our reading of the foregoing passages would shift fundamentally. Even if this is possible in theory, it is unlikely in fact."〕
References to Hunab Ku have figured prominently in New Age Mayanism such as that of José Argüelles.
== Hunab Ku as the Christian God ==
The earliest known reference to the term "Hunab Ku" (which translates as "Sole God" or "Only God") appears in the 16th century ''Diccionario de Motul'', where "Hunab-ku" is identified as "the only living and true god, also the greatest of the gods of the people of Yucatan. He had no form because they said that he could not be represented as he was incorporeal".〔Roys 1967: 167〕〔Motul 1929: 404〕 The term also appears in the ''Book of Chilam Balam of Chumayel'',〔Roys 1967〕 written after the Spanish Conquest, but is unknown in any pre-Conquest inscriptions in Maya writing. Hunab Ku was closely associated with an indigenous creator god, Itzamna, in an effort to make use of religious syncretism.〔Roys 1967: 168〕 An assertion that Hunab Ku was the high god of the Mayas can be found in Sylvanus Morley's classic book ''The Ancient Maya'' (1946).〔Morley 1946〕
However, the interpretation of Hunab Ku as a pre-Hispanic deity is not widely accepted by Mayanist scholars today. Anthropological linguist William Hanks, for example, identifies ''hunab ku'' as an expression created in the context of ''maya reducido,'' a form of Yucatec created in the context of missionization. He writes, "The use of ''hunab ku'' (+ suffix + 'god' ) for the singularity of God is linguistically transparent to the oneness of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit and occurs widely in the missionary writings.〔Hanks 2010: 133〕 He also notes, "the fact that close paraphrases make reference to ''Dios,'' ''halal ku'', and ''hunab ku'' allows us to securely identify ''hunab ku'' with the Christian God, even when surrounding text may be ambiguous."〔Hanks 2010: 342〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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